Guide · Children and Divorce

Parenting Plans Explained

📅 Updated May 2026 📍 England and Wales only ⚖ Not legal advice

A parenting plan is a written agreement between parents setting out how they will share care of their children after separation. It is not a court order but a cooperative framework. Parenting plans work well for families committed to agreement, but have limited enforceability if things break down.

What is a parenting plan?

A parenting plan is a document created by both parents (often with help from mediation) that sets out practical arrangements for the children. It typically covers:

It is a practical document created cooperatively, not imposed by a court.

Parenting plans vs court orders

Parenting PlanChild Arrangements Order
Created byParents, often with mediationCourt (or agreed by both parents and sealed by court)
Legal statusNot legally binding (unless court has sealed it)Legally binding and enforceable
FlexibilityEasy to change if parents agreeMust apply to court to change formally
EnforcementLimited — relies on goodwillFull — court can enforce via contempt proceedings
CostUsually low (mediation costs)Court fees and potentially solicitor costs
When it worksWhen parents cooperate and trust each otherWhen enforceability is important or parents cannot agree

When parenting plans work

Parenting plans work best when:

Parenting plans work when parents are committed to cooperation and can communicate about the children's needs.

Can a parenting plan be made binding?

Yes. If both parents agree on the terms in the parenting plan, you can ask the court to seal it as a consent order (a child arrangements order). Once sealed by a judge, it becomes legally binding and enforceable like any other court order. This gives you the best of both worlds: a plan created cooperatively but with the enforceability of a court order.

What if one parent breaches the parenting plan?

If the plan is not sealed by the court, you have limited remedies. You can:

This is why many families prefer to seal parenting plans as consent orders — it gives you legal recourse if things break down.

⚠ Parenting plans without court sealing are not enforceable If you have a parenting plan that is not sealed by the court and the other parent breaches it, you cannot use enforcement proceedings. Your only option is to go back to court and ask for a formal child arrangements order — which takes time and money. If enforceability matters to you, seal the plan as an order.
💡 Seal your parenting plan if possible If you and the other parent have reached agreement on child arrangements, take the extra step of asking the court to seal it as a consent order. This costs very little and gives you full legal protection if circumstances change or the other parent stops cooperating.

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General information only. This guide provides general information. For advice on formalising a parenting plan or sealing it as a court order, consult a family law solicitor.